Saturday, November 29, 2014

Acoustic Levitation: The Amazing Science of Lifting Objects with Sound Vibrations

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Here’s an amazing video demonstration of how to make small objects float with sonic vibrations. I thought you might find these images very interesting and thought provoking. Some questions which came to my mind while I was watching this video included, “Would it be possible to levitate much larger objects such as a car on the road or a boat in water?” And “how much power would be required for such a feat?” I know hover crafts can go in and out of water and operate on land, but they float by the power of strong fans lifting the vehicle for travel. Levitation is quite another technology.
Sound can be defined as disturbances of particles in the air caused by objects vibrating at specific frequencies. So another question one can ask about the potentials of levitating large objects is: “what frequencies cause levitation with more efficiency.” But perhaps, it’s not really a matter of frequency at all. Maybe it’s more about volume or the focus of sound waves at an object or a combination of these two elements that create the right conditions for levitation.
Sound like all other natural phenomena has a variety of qualities and dynamics which can be harnessed for scientific purposes. Volume is just one of many dynamic qualities sound possesses. Volume in the case of sound means loudness or softness or the greater or lesser degree of output or vibrational magnitude. The dynamics of a greater or lesser degree of vibrational magnitude are easy to understand if you would compare the sensation of someone playing an acoustic guitar in your living room versus the way an electric guitar sounds at a rock concert. That’s a difference in volume; electricity increasing the magnitude of output for a sound source.
In contrast, the focus of sound is a more sophisticated concept concerning how sound is channeled or directed. One way to think about sonic focus is to compare 2 types of microphones. One type of microphone records sound within a very narrow field of focus, whereas another type records sound in a very wide field – sometimes 180 and even 360 degrees – around the microphone. The narrow field microphones can record at greater distances away from the input versus the wide field microphones, which tend to only be able to record sound with high fidelity up close. So if we think of reversing this process, instead of taking in sound for recording purposes, we’re going to imagine sending sounds out to a narrow or wide field of focus.

In life, most of the sounds we hear come from an overlapping of sources without much focus to the listener. What this means is that there is no such thing as a “cone of silence” in which we, and we alone, can hear any particular sound we want. Usually we hear sounds we don’t want to and others hear sounds we make without us wanting them to, thus there is no focus. Even earphones can leak sound when the volume is turned up high. But in the laboratory and with special techniques and tools it’s possible to take a pitch or frequency of sound and focus it like a beam of light into a narrow point, so that it hits an object with enough vibrational force to cause the object to fall over, shatter, heat up, or levitate.

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